Al menos 17 productos, entre alimentos y materia prima de diferentes rubros, como la minería o textil, salen de contrabando hacia el Perú por la carretera que une La Paz con la población fronteriza del Desaguadero.
Quinua, ganado bovino, fideos, galletas, aceite, arroz, azúcar, cerveza, maíz, soya y sus derivados, fibra de camélido, madera, cueros, oro y otros metales, garrafas de gas licuado de petróleo, diésel, gasolina e incluso chatarra, baterías y papel son trasladados ilegalmente por la ruta conocida en el país vecino como la “Culebra del Sur”.
La vía que comunica Desaguadero con Puno recibe ese apelativo por la forma de traslado que realizan los intermediarios peruanos en cientos de camiones, para lo que acopian los productos bolivianos que son trasladados hasta la localidad peruana de Desaguadero.
El traslado subrepticio de productos hacia Perú se hace a través de botes, triciclos, carretillas, burros de carga e incluso el trabajo hormiga, para luego reunirlos y transportarlos por rutas alternas.
Los productos. En 2011, el entonces presidente de la Corporación Minera de Bolivia (Comibol), Héctor Córdova, confirmó que pese a las medidas e incentivos para la explotación de oro y su registro en el país, continuaba el contrabando hacia Perú y Brasil.
El gerente general de Exportadores Bolivianos (Exbol), Eduardo Bracamonte, confirmó que el oro sale de contrabando y eso causa el desincentivo para su empresa, que produce joyas de oro.
Hace pocos días, los comerciantes de carne de res denunciaron que, por lo menos, 100 cabezas de ganado vacuno son trasladadas semanalmente a Perú, donde el kilo de los diferentes cortes cuesta diez bolivianos más que en el mercado interno.
A causa del contrabando de azúcar, según un estudio de la Asociación Peruana de Productores de Azúcar (Appar) que se realizó en 2010, el 70 por ciento del comercio representó a la demanda del producto boliviano y el resto a la de la producción peruana, un hecho que afecta sus costos de producción.
A mediados de año, los productores de camélidos denunciaron que gran cantidad de la fibra de lana sale hacia el país vecino para ser procesada y luego exportada al mercado de Europa.
Las pérdidas. El gerente general de la planta recicladora Commetal, Donald Somoza, indicó que Bolivia pierde 50 millones de bolivianos anuales por la salida ilegal de baterías en desuso hacia Perú. Chatarra, fierro, papel, baterías en desuso son llevados por los intermediarios para su industrialización en Perú y luego éstos vuelven a Bolivia con valor agregado.
El director de la Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos (ANH), Gary Medrano, informó el domingo que la gente aún acopia el carburante subvencionado para el contrabando.
“Los contrabandistas no necesitan cruzar la frontera, basta con llegar a esos puntos sensibles para que los combustibles líquidos adquieran un precio muy alto”.
70 por ciento de la producción anual de fibra de camélidos sale de contrabando a Perú para ser industrializada.
Las fronteras con Perú, como Desaguadero, Copacabana y puerto acosta, son muy usadas por los contrabandistas.
A principios de año, la aduana anunció que se construirá un recinto aduanero con el fin de controlar la salida ilegal de los productos bolivianos. El anterior recinto fue destrozado por los pobladores de Desaguadero.
Sin embargo, tanto el alcalde de Desaguadero, Lucio Flores, como el de Guaqui, Víctor Mamani, afirmaron, por separado, que aún no se inició la obra. “No hay ningún avance, apenas estamos en el trámite”, informó ayer Mamani.
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